Wordsworth drinking fountain- Grasmere

Little seems to have been published on the internet about this drinking fountain in Grasmere. Read more

Corpse Roads

Great Britain in the 15th and 16th Centuries was a place of many small parishes, some very rural and isolated.  Most of these villages did have their own church or chapel but they were linked to Mother churches or Minsters, which at this time were the only churches to have burial rights.

Increasing pressure for autonomy from outlying villages led officials at these Mother churches to be concerened over loss of control and income. Corpse roads were instituted, connecting outlying locations and their mother churches.

These corpse roads, death or Ley roads, usually went in straight lines from the parish to the mother church, which would seem to harken back to an age of pagan belief that a spirit can only travel in straight lines.

Corpses were transported long distances, often over difficult terrain, usually the coffin would be carried but sometimes the deceased would have the luxury of horseback.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Distinguishing features of a corpse road, would be that it went in more or less a straight line with resting places or coffin stones along its way (shown above at Frank’s Bridge in Kirkby Stephen).  Sometimes markers such as crosses or stones marking the distance would be present and can exist to this day.  Many seem only to be a footpath now with little or no evidence to support their previous purpose.

 

This boundary marker (we presume for the forest) is situated on a corpse road which passes over Whinlatter in the Lake District.

 

 

 

 

 

Fields crossed by corpse roads often had names like “Church-way” or “Kirk-way Field”, which can give a clue to the location of the old corpse road. These paths through fields were never ploughed.

According to the Encyclopaedia of Superstitions (E &,V M Radford, Hutchinson, 1948: edited and revised by Christina Dole, 1961). ”A very widespread belief, still far from extinct, is that if a corpse is carried over private land, its passage establishes a right of way for ever… but this has no actual foundation in English law”.

A great number of superstitions and Ghostly tales are linked to these roads… If you know of any, then send the details to us via the comments link below.

There is no official record of these roads but an interesting website belonging to The Society of Ley Hunters has compiled data from around the UK and further afield.

Historical Geographer, Paul Hindle, lectures on the subject of old maps, roads and tracks, and the Lake District. Limestone landscapes & caves, and towns & roads in medieval England.

For those interested in reading more; the following books may be of interest.

 

Cabmen’s shelters, London

Scattered throughout London are small green sheds which, as you approach them, are often bathed in the smell of fresh coffee and cooking bacon.

Positioned at key locations in the Capital, these wooden buildings were constructed to provide shelter and hot food for the drivers of hansom cabs and hackney carriages (taxis).

To pay for the shelters a charity was formed in 1875 by The 7th Earl of Shaftesbury called the Cabmen’s Shelter Fund.

The registered charity number is 236108 and  was registered with the Charity Commission on 27 September 1966.

According to their accounts of 2004,  ’ the Fund’s main objective is to supply Cabmen with shelters in which they can have protection from wind and  rain, snow and frost in winter and from the sun in summer.’

Between 1875 and 1914, the fund built a total of 61 shelters at cost of around £200 each.  These shelters were all positioned within a 6 mile radius of Charring Cross.

Because the shelters stood on a public highway, the police stipulated they could be no larger than a horse and cart. Yet even with these restrictions, they squeezed in a working kitchen and seated up to 13 men. 

Today, there are 13 cabmen’s shelters surviving in the capital, all of which are Grade II listed buildings.

Cabbies bought their own mugs, which were kept for them at the shelter and looked after by the ’shelter boys’.

The shelters are run by tenants who pay a contribution to the Charity to maintain the shelters.

The Russell Square Cabmen’s Shelter

The Russell Square shelter spent most of its life in Leicester Square, once a major stopping point for taxis.

When pedestrianisation arrived in the late 1980s, the shelter became obsolete and was moved to Russell Square.

On the green painted door are two plaques.

The lower of the two indicates that the shelter was presented by Sir Squire Bancroft in 1901. He was an English actor and manager.

The larger round plaque reads ‘ The restoration of this shelter in 1987 for the cabmen’s shelter fund was promoted by the Heritage of London Trust with generous assistance from the former Greater London Council, The Bedford estate, The Swan Trust, Miss Hazel wood and Brenda Bancroft and her family.’

The first shelter.

It is said that the first shelter was erected in 1875 and paid for by Sir George Armstrong, a newspaper publisher, after his servant was unable to find him a cab on a blustery January day.

The remaining cabmen’s shelters can be found at: 

• Chelsea Embankment – near the Albert Bridge 
• Embankment Place 
• Grosvenor Gardens – west side of north garden 
• Hanover Square – north of central garden 
• Kensington Park Road – outside numbers 8-10 
• Kensington Road – north side 
• Pont Street 
• St George’s Square, Pimlico 
• Temple Place 
• Thurloe Place, Kensington – opposite the Victoria & Albert Museum 
• Warwick Avenue – Clifton Gardens 
• Wellington Place, St John’s Wood 

Cabmen’s shelters around the world

Whilst 13 shelters exist in London a number of similar shelters exist elsewhere. 

In Ripon, in North Yorkshire, a shelter was was bought in 1911 with a £200 legacy to provide a shelter for cabmen waiting for fares on Ripon’s Market Square.

Four cabmen’s shelters were opened in Portsmouth according to an article transcribed from the Hampshire Telegraph, 24th April 1876.

In Albany, Australia is located a Taxi Rank and Women’s Rest Room, formerly the Cabmen’s Shelter and  Women’s Rest Room, on Reserve 19464 at the foot of York Street.

St. Giles in Oxford . An appeal was launched for the first cabmen’s shelter in St Giles in October 1875, and a committee was formed in December that year with the aim of making the shelter “worthy of the place which it is to occupy”.

Market Place cabin in Hitchin. This Edwardian Cabmen’s Shelter used to stand on the forecourt of Hitchin Railway Station and was paid for by the donations of rail users collected by Edward Boxall who ran a cab business from The Red Lion.

Do you know of others?  Let us know about them using the comments section below.

Further information